Keyways and splines are most commonly used to transmit power between 2 drive components. Examples of this for a keyway is a gear or sprocket keyed onto a drive shaft or a pulley keyed onto a driven shaft. Splines can be used for static drives but are more commonly used where an axial sliding of the drive components is required. Examples of this are splines gear box shafts which allow the gears to slide axially to move in and out of mesh.
Keyways in shafts are commonly cut using woodruff cutters, slot mills, end mills and slitting saws. Keyways in bores or internal diameters are typically cut using slotters, broaches and rotary broaches.
Splines on shafts are typically cut using form tools, hobbing techniques or rotary broaching techniques. External splines can also be cold rolled. Internal splines are typically cut using slotters, broaches or rotary broaches.