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Metal Forging - Upset Forging or Hot Heading
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Performed on bar stock or rod ends, upset forging decreases the length of the stock and increases its cross-section. High pressures deform the metal and force material into a designated area of the bar. The material is shaped into tools such as bolts, pinions, drill rods, clustered gear shafts and other objects where high strength is a necessity. Upset forging refines the mechanical properties by re-orienting the grain flow to the shape of the tool. The result is a component which is inherently stronger than that which has been cast, welded, or machined.
Upset forging can also be referred to as heading although heading is performed on the end of the bar only. Upset forging can also increase the cross sectional area of bar anywhere along its length.
Benefits of Upset Forgings
The act of upset forging breaks up the cast structure of the material, aligns the grain flow, and eliminates weaknesses in the material, such as microshrinkage, gas porosity, and areas of low density. Rods, pinions, bolts, and other components created through upset forging exhibit better levels of strength and soundness. Upset forged components resist deformation and breakage during use. These characteristics make them ideal for applications where high performance is a must.
Materials Used for Upset Forging
Forgings can be produced from materials such as aluminum alloy, carbon steel, stainless steel, nickel alloys, Inconel®, titanium alloy, superalloys, and many more.
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